The Association of Socioeconomic Status with the Burden of Cataract-related Blindness and the Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure: An Ecological Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To assess the association of socioeconomic status with the burden of cataract blindness in terms of year lived with disability (YLD) rates and to determine whether ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels modify the effect of socioeconomic status on this health burden.@*Methods@#National and subnational age-standardized YLD rates associated with cataract-related blindness were derived from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2017. The human development index (HDI) from the Human Development Report was used as a measure of socioeconomic status. Estimated ground-level UVR exposure was obtained from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) dataset of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).@*Results@#Across 185 countries, socioeconomic status was inversely associated with the burden of cataract blindness. Countries with a very high HDI had an 84% lower age-standardized YLD rate [95% confidence interval ( @*Conclusion@#Long-term high-UVR exposure amplifies the association of poor socioeconomic status with the burden of cataract-related blindness. The findings emphasize the need for strengthening UVR exposure protection interventions in developing countries with high-UVR exposure.

High sensitive ELISA for detection of atrazion / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To set up ELISA for detection of atrazine with high precision.@*METHODS@#The reaction condition of indirect-ELISA was optimized, including atrazine-ovalbumin(AT-OVA) concentration and primary antibody concentration, organic solvent, goat anti-rat immunoglobin G-horseradish peroxidase(IgG-HRP) concentration. The actual samples were detected by the ELISA method established in our laboratory. Then the ELISA method was compared with the HPLC.@*RESULTS@#The specification curve of indirect-ELISA was set up after optimization. The relation coefficient R=0.9958. The limit of detection (LOD) was 1.972 ng/ml. The percent recovery of the actual samples was in range of 80%~120%. The ELISA detection sensitivity was higher than the HPLC in the range of 0 ng/ml~6 ng/ml atrazine.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The ELISA to detect atrazine has good specificity and high precision. And it can be applied in testing real atrazine samples replacing of the large-scale instrument.

Effects of Pim-1 inhibitor on mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease induced by TNBS / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To explore the role of Pim-1 in the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease and the potential effect of Pim-1 inhibitor on treating such disease.Methods:Forty-five BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=9):A normal control group,a inflammatory bowel disease group,two different dose of Pim-1 inhibitor treatment groups,and steroidhormone treatment group.The model of inflammatory bowel disease was induced by intracolonic administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenestdfonic acid (TNBS) and ethanol mixture.Mice were treated with Pim-1 inhibitor [intraperitoneal inject,5 or 10 mg/(kg.d)] for 5 days and prednisone (intragastric administration,0.1 mg/d) for 5 days.The DAI,colon length,gross score and pathological grade were evaluated.The expressions ofT cell master transcription factors T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet),GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3),RA orphan receptorγ (RORyt)and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) were measured by Real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results:Pim-1 inhibitor and prednisone showed therapeutic effect on acute TNBS colitis in vivo.GATA3 and RORγt were significantly up-regulated in acute TNBS colitis (P＜0.05).In contrast,the expression of Foxp3 was suppressed in the inflammatory bowel disease group,whereas it did not cause any significant change in T-bet expression (P＞0.05).Administration of Pim-1 inhibitor and prednisone resulted in suppression of GATA3,RORγt expression,and the increase of Foxp3 expression (P＜0.05).Administration of Pim-1 inhibitor and prednisone resulted in inhibition of T-bet mRNA expression (P＜0.05),but only prednisone could inhibit T-bet protein expression (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Pim-1 inhibitor significantly suppresses Th2-and Th17-type immune responses.Furthermore,Pim-1 inhibitor could induce T-cell differentiation towards a Treg phenotype.Pim-1 inhibitor has therapeutic effect on acute TNBS colitis.

A study on the reading behavior of college students in Chongqing under the new media / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective The objective was to investigate new media influence on college student's reading behaviors.Methods A cross-sectional survey on internet use,reading behavior and influence on sleep and life of college students was conducted.The sample was selected using a multi-stage sampling among college students in Chongqing.Results 92.5％ students used smart phone to access information through Internet.Entertainment is the main motivation of digital reading.58.39％ students preferred traditional paper reading for academic study.97.6％ students used smart phone for reading before sleep and 27.4％ used smart phone before sleep caused sleep problem.53.6％ students believed that in terms of life and study,the new media reading is more helpful than harmful.Conclusion College students are heavy users of new media,and that some forms of media use may adversely impact sleep and academic performance.

Investigation and analysis on the present situation of the library resources and services in medical college taking Chongqing Medical University as an example / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To understand the support effect of the resources and services provided by the library on the scientific research of medical postgraduates. Methods Taking 150 graduate stu-dents in Chongqing Medical University as the research object, through questionnaire survey and inter-view method, the characteristics of medical graduate students' selection of document resources, as well as their application of the resources and services provided by the library were investigated. Results 65% (98/150) of students chose Chinese literature as the preferred source of information, 6% (9/150) of graduate students did not borrow books at the library, 54% (81/150) of graduate students chose library website as the data retrieval entrance at the time of obtaining the preferred document, 9% (14/150) of students did not participate in the library reader training. Conclusion Library resources are still the first choice for the graduate students to obtain the literature, and the library should be improved in the aspects of resource allocation, service mode, in order to meet the needs of graduate students' scientific research.

Expression of gap junction protein connexin 26 in human hepatocellular carcinoma and its significance / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of gap junction protein connexin 26(Cx26) in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and its significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of Cx26 in liver tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry staining in 159 paraffin-embeded liver sections, including 20 samples of normal liver tissue, 30 samples of chronic hepatitis, 33 samples of liver cirrhosis, and 76 samples of HCC. Normal hepatic cell line LO2 and HCC cell line SMMC-7721 were used in vitro to verify the characteristics of gap junction and Cx26 expression pattern. The expression and localization of Cx26 were measured by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. The function of gap junction between adjacent cells was detected by dye transfer assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to normal liver samples, the positive rate of Cx26 was markedly decreased in hepatitis, cirrhosis and HCC tissues(all P<0.05). The intensity of Cx26 staining was significantly increased in HCC tissues compared with those in non-carcinomatous liver(NCL) tissues(all P<0.05). In NCL tissues, there was a mild to moderated staining of Cx26 which located mainly on the membranes of hepatocytes at intercellular contacts. The positive staining of Cx26 in HCC tissues was observed mainly in cytoplasm. Positive Cx26 expression was positively associated with tumor size(P=0.036), but not with age, gender, histologic grade, clinical stage, underlying hepatitis and cirhosis, lymph node metastasis and intrahepatic vascular embolism(all P>0.05). Compared with LO2 cells, an aberrant expression and distribution of Cx26 in SMMC-7721 cells was confirmed, which may lead to a decreased function of gap junctions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The aberrant expression and distribution of Cx26 protein may be associated with hepatocarcinogenesis, and the residual gap junction in HCC may provide a new target for treatment of HCC.</p>

Expression of secreted frizzled related protein 1, β-catenin and E-cadherin in colorectal carcinoma and its clinicopathological significances / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), β-catenin and E-cadherin in colorectal carcinoma and its clinicopathological significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of SFRP1, β-catenin and E-cadherin mRNA and protein in tumor and pericancerous tissue samples from 60 cases of colorectal cancer was assayed by reverse-transcription PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The correlation of their expression with clinicopathological factors of colorectal cancer was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 52/60 cases the relative mRNA expression of SFRP1 in cancer tissue and pericancerous tissue was 0.4837±0.1532 and 0.7170 ±0.1830; for β-catenin was 0.9293± 0.3705 and 0.6469±0.3166; and for E-cadherin was 0.5556±0.2535 and 0.9422±0.2372 (P<0.01), respectively. SFRP1 mRNA expression was associated with lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05). The positive rate of SFRP1 in colorectal cancer was 31.67% (19/60), and was significantly lower than that in pericancerous colorectal mucosa (75.00%, 45/60). No relationship between SFRP1 protein expression and clinical pathology was found. Abnormal expression rates of β-catenin and E-cadherin in colorectal cancer were 75.00% (45/60) and 58.33% (35/60), respectively, which were significantly higher than that in pericancerous colorectal mucosa (1.67% and 6.67%), respectively. Abnormal β-catenin and E-cadherin expression was associated with tumor differentiation, lymphatic metastasis and Duke's staging. SFRP1 protein expression was negatively correlated with β-catenin and E-cadherin expression (r=-0.517, -0.442, Ps<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Down-regulation of SFRP1 in colorectal cancer may cause abnormal Wnt signaling and induce abnormal β-catenin and E-cadherin expression, indicating that SFRP1 might be involved in the development and progression of colorectal cancer, and could be a novel therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.</p>

Purification of monoclonal antibody to clenbuterol and its biology identity / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the self-preparation monoclonal antibody which target to clenbuterol, and set up the standard curve to clenbuterol (CL) detection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The affinity constants and activity of the monoclonal antibody which target to CL were determined by ELISA. ELISA was also used to confirm whether the monoclonal antibody had any across-reaction with BSA and CL analogues. The rat ascites which contains the monoclonal antibody target to CL was purified by (NH4)2SO4 salt-out method and further by affinity column. At last, the CL detection standard curve which based on indirect competition ELISA was established.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ELISA experiment showed that the antibody titer was 10(6) and the monoclonal antibody affinity constants was 2.90 x 10(10) L/mol. The result of the indirect competition ELISA confirmed that the monoclonal antibody had no cross-reaction with BSA and a few kind of CL analogue. CL detection standard curve based on indirect competition ELISA was established, which R2 was 0.9812, and the lowest detectable limit was 1.0 ng/ml.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The standard curve based on indirectly competitioning ELISA was established. The self-preparation monoclonal antibody which target to CL has high affinity and high specific to CL, which had established the foundation to the advanced development of the CL immune test paper and CL ELISA kit.</p>

Maxillofacial deformity caused by cancrum oris: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

Cancrum oris is a kind of gangrenous disease happening on the maxillofacial region. It is characterized by developing rapidly, high lethality and deforming rate. This article reported a case of maxillofacial deformity caused by cancrum oris, and discussed based on relevant literatures.

Preparation of clenbuterol monoclonal antibody with subtractive immunization method / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To obtain Clenbuterol monoclonal antibodies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clenbuterol complete antigen was prepared with diazotization method. BALB/c mice was immunized with subtractive immunization, Clenbuterol monoclonal antibody was prepared with rule hybridoma technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mice obtained tolerance to BSA by subtractive immunization. The rate of the hybridoma cell with positive reaction which had obtained was 8.2%, and the specific clenbuterol monoclonal antibody was obtained at last.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Monoclonal antibodies to micromolecule contaminant be prepared by subtractive immunization, could decrease the workload in the bolting of monoclonal antibodies, and increase the chance to obtain the antibody of expected.</p>

Diagnosis and treatment of penile verrucous carcinoma: a report of 4 cases / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the diagnosis and treatment of penile verrucous carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical and pathological data of 4 patients with penile verrucous carcinoma were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients ranged in age from 42 to 76 years (average 52). All the tumors showed exophytic papillary lesions, the biggest being 2.1 to 5.8 cm in diameter. The lesions were confined to the glans penis in two cases and invaded the shafts in the other 2 (1 accompanied by syphilis). One patient, whose tumor was small (1.4 cm in diameter) and confined to the glans penis, underwent glandectomy. One with a larger tumor confined to the glans penis and the other 2 with the shafts involved underwent partial penectomy, including the one accompanied by syphilis, who underwent the operation after treated by Benzathine benzylpenicillin. Histopathological examination of the specimens showed that the tumor cells were mostly well-differentiated and the surgical margins were tumor free in all the 4 cases. HE stain was performed in all the specimens. Microscopic examination revealed papillomatosis and hyperkeratosis of the epithelium, with bulbous projections into the lamina propria consisting of well-differentiated squamous epithelial cells. Marked invasion of the stroma by lymphocytes was noted. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 7 years (average 4.6), revealing no recurrence. The result of the rapid plasma regain (RPR) test was negative but that of the Treponema pallidum passive-particle-agglutination (TPPA) test remained positive in the blood of the patient accompanied by syphilis after treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Verrucous carcinoma of the penis is characterized by low malignant potential and locally aggressive nature. It seldom develops metastasis to regional lymphonodes or distant areas. Glandectomy or partial penectomy can be chosen for its treatment, with favorable prognosis.</p>

An investigation of restoration of alveolar cleft with engineered bone / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate restoration of alveolar cleft with engineered bone constructed by sponge collagen protein combined bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve dogs were divided into 4 groups, the third incisor and alveolar bone with periosteum in bilateral maxilla were removed to form alveolar cleft model. The BMSCs were isolated from dog bone marrow. After being cultured and induced, the BMSCs were seeded in sponge collagen protein and cultured for 48 hours. The composites of BMSCs and collagen were implanted into the defect of alveolar cleft. After 12 weeks' feeding, those dogs were sacrificed. Three-dimensional CT and histological examination were used to observe the progress of bone formation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The defects healed at 12 weeks after being implant BMSCs-collagen composites, the width of engineered bone is resembled with positive control, but the height is less than positive control.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The engineered bone can restore the defect of alveolar bone effectively, it can be used clinically to treat alveolar cleft.</p>

Effect of surgically induced bilateral cleft alveolar on maxillary growth in dogs / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To establish an animal model of bilateral alveolar cleft and to determine the effect of cleft on maxillary growth.@*METHODS@#Eight dogs (12 weeks old) were divided into unoperated control groups (n = 4) and the model group (n = 4). The model dogs were operated to establish a bilateral alveolar cleft. All the dogs were killed and the craniofacial morphology on clean skull was analyzed by the direct detection and CT.@*RESULTS@#The length, the foreside width, and the foreside height of the maxillary in the model group were shrunken compared with those of the control group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The alveolar cleft plays an important role in the maxillary aberration.

The Certification of HONcode and Moral Norms of Domestic Medicine and Health Websites / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper gives a brief introduction of the moral norms of medicine & health websites,HONcode,and its certification in international and domestic medicine & health websites.To build a standard for healthy and clear online data environment,it was suggested that the ideas of HONcode be applied to the quality control of domestic medicine & health websites.

The Effect of Maiya on Hormone Level of Female Mice / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the effect of Maiya on the hormone level of the female mice. Methods Female mature mice (5 ～ 6 months) were ovariectomized and treated with Maiya. Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in blood were examinated. Results Maiya could increase the FSH and E2 in blood, and decrease P in blood of the castrated mice, while the level of LH had no obvious change. Conclusion Maiya can influence the level of hormone.

The Design and Realization of Digital Pictures' Database in Medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper gives a brief introduction of the significance and background of the digital pictures' database in CQMU.It introduces its design methods,realization approaches,and solutions to the pictures' patent claim.Meanwhile this paper also han- dles its functions in editing pictures online,indexing pictures off line and its management.

A New PubMed Search Tool——NCBI Search Toolbar and Its Applications / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper introduces the characters and application of the NCBI search toolbar,which is a medical search tool newly presented to the public by the National library of Medicine(NLM) of American.

Detection of RNA of SARS coronavirus in hospital sewage / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In order to explore the existence of SARS coronavirus (Co-V) and/or its RNA in sewage of hospitals administered SARS patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A novel electropositive filter was used to concentrate the SARS-CoV from the sewage of two hospitals administered SARS patients in Beijing, including twelve 2,500 ml sewage samples from the hospitals before disinfection, and ten 25,000 ml samples after disinfection; as well as cell culture, RT-PCR and sequencing of gene to detect and identify the viruses from sewage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no live SARS-CoV detected in the sewage in this study. The nucleic acid of SARS-CoV had been found in the 12 sewage samples before disinfection from both hospitals by semi-nested PCR. After disinfection, SARS-CoV RNA could only be detected from the samples from the 309th Hospital, and the others were negative.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It provides evidence that there is no live SARS-Cov in the sewage from hospitals with SARS patients though SARS-CoV RNA can be detected.</p>

Study of CYP3A5 in drug resistance mechanisms in acute leukemia / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate if CYP3A5 is involved in drug resistances mechanisms of acute leukemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and MTT assay, CYP3A5 mRNA and protein were detected in leukemia cell lines and acute leukemia patients, meanwhile transcriptional regulation of CYP3A5 induced by daunorubicin was observed. A pcDNA3-CYP3A5 reconstituted plasmid and its stably transfected cell line HL-60/CYP3A5 were both established.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CYP3A5 mRNA was detected in K562 and U937 cells, whose IC(50) values of daunorubicin were 2.1-fold higher than those of NB4 and HL-60 cells. Bone marrow CYP3A5 positive blast cell percentage at the time of diagnosis in primary drug resistance group (17.2%) was significantly higher than that of continuous complete remission (CCR) group (0.4%) and secondary drug resistance group (5.4%). In their first complete remission of the early relapsed group, the positive rate had been 23.9% as compared with that of CCR group (1.3%). Daunorubicin increased CYP3A5 mRNA level in K562/A02 and activated its transcription in HL-60/ADR. HL-60/CYP3A5 cell was significantly resistant to daunorubicin and vincristine than HL-60 cells did (3.0 and 4.0 times, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CYP3A5 expressed in leukemia cells may cause in situ metabolization of many kinds of anticancer drugs, thus led to drug resistance.</p>

Study on the Surfing in the Internet of the Readers in Our Electronic Reading room / 中华医学教育探索杂志

By studying the behaviors of surfing in the Internet of the readers in our electronic reading room,we find a majority of readers are for amusement,only a minority of readers are to study and search data.Aiming at these problems,we put forward a series of measures and management countermeasures that guide readers to make good use of the electronic reading room and give some suggestions for our future work.